By Coach Atwood
Last season I had an interesting conversation with a PE teacher who had done some Jr High basketball coaching. He’d just watched my High School JV team play, and we’d been beaten by a better team. I actually thought we had played well, considering the skill discrepancy. He told me with very deliberate emphasis, as though he was giving me something very special, that if I just focused each practice on getting them to run plays better, that we’d improve faster than any other way.
I could not disagree more with this suggestion. For one thing, the game is much too difficult, and there are no short cuts unless you have the genetics, but mostly the work ethic of a Michael Jordan, or a Candace Parker. More significantly, the idea of it flies in the face of everything we know about teaching and learning developmental skills. It’s the proverbial “cart before the horse” method, and I think it’s dangerous. Its out-in-the-open evidence of an ailment that gnaws away at the under belly of American Basketball: Hit & miss, anecdotal, trial & error, untrained and uncertified youth coaches with bad ideas.
I see this as much more than just a dubious claim. If implemented, his suggestion for my low skill team to focus on learning to run plays, over learning to play, would surely be detrimental to individual player development. Ultimately, it’s a recipe to affect under achievement by a team. He alleged to me that in his over 20 years of participating and observing the basketball program at the Jr High level, that the most successful girl’s coach he’d ever witnessed practiced his offense over everything else, most of practice, at every practice. He told me with added emphasis, “That’s all he did!” Not building offensive skills, but rote memorization of plays.
I questioned this observation. It’s not unusual for someone who isn’t at practice every day to think they know what’s going on. I had actually tried the same approach in my first two seasons coaching in a low skilled Jr High program. I didn’t know any better. It seemed from observing the other coaches like that’s what I was supposed to do- get them to run plays. It took me two seasons to fully appreciate that with unskilled players, trying to make them run real offense was a road to nowhere.
I remember very well that the plays often worked in practice, which gave a false expectation that they would work in games. And plays worked against weaker teams, because almost anything works if your players are better than their players. But success running plays against weaker teams didn’t lead to success against strong teams. I think perhaps it’s at about this point in the development of a group of young players and a team, that one of either two choices are made. Either the realization is made that the team has a fundamental skill deficiency that must be addressed for the team to get better (particularly long-term). Or more of the same- keep trying to make them run those plays better by practicing them over and over.
Coaching is a big commitment and I was “all in.” If I was going to be involved, I wanted to do all that I could to contribute to our kids being competitive against the best teams we faced. We had a long ways to go, and I recognized that we had to get fundamentally much better to have a chance to beat the best teams on our schedule. On this topic, I am very serious when I say; I believe that adults who hold these kinds of developmentally retarded coaching ideas and beliefs, after having reasonable time to conclude differently for them selves, but failing to do so, have no business being in the business of developing young athletes. Because what they are actually doing is hindering development.
There was one big problem with the PE Coaches story. There is no getting around the fact that at that time, the girls coming into the Jr High program were beginners to the game. With rare exception, Girls don’t play school yard ball, and they didn’t in this town. There is no youth league in this small town feeding players who have a grasp of the fundamentals and some experience into the Jr High. If Mr PE Coach had been claiming this about Boys basketball, I’d be more inclined to believe it, because years ago before the near disappearance of “free play,” boys would play ball for hours every day.
There is a youth league (K-12) in the next town, 30 minutes away; and over the years some of the local kids have played in that league. Today we have entire teams from this town entered in that league at every age division and both genders. But this has only been true for about 5 years. Prior to that, virtually every girl who came out for basketball in the 6th grade walked into the gym with beginner skills. If a Girl had played some with her Father out in the driveway, she was literally “experienced” compared to most of them. Now imagine placing these girls I’ve described with a Jr High coach who emphasized plays over principles. Would you expect them to have a strong grasp of basketball fundamentals when they entered High School? Would they have a chance to beat the best teams on their schedule at the High School level? Probably not.
My team had a handful of good players, maybe four, who had put in the work over 5-6 years to become good basketball players. But overall, we were not a high skill set team. Only a handful of the players had a strong grasp of fundamental skills, the rest were practically beginners to basketball. About half the team was comprised of student athletes whose best sport was volleyball. The team had a lot of speed, they moved well, they learned quickly, they played without fear, and every one of them competed very hard no matter the score. But teams that could put 5 players with strong basketball skills on the court, and then substitute more skilled players into the game gave us problems.
We had a lot of good Athletes and very few good basketball players. The best teams we played had more good athletes who were also good Basketball Players. We weren’t going to catch up in one season. But if we started de-emphasizing trying to win as the goal when they were young, and put the emphasis on developing athletic movement skills and fundamental basketball skills, we could catch up by the time they are in High School. We had to get better to become more competitive, but not better at remembering the play. We had to get better at playing the game. I just didn’t see running plays over and over as the answer. I believe that I should be teaching kids how to play the game, instead of teaching them to remember plays.
Right now, I coach JV Basketball. In that role, I believe my job is primarily to be enthusiastic about the game, while doing all I can to prepare kids to be ready for Varsity. If I get a group of kids who happen to have strong fundamental basketball skills, then we can do more. I can teach them to run the offense that Varsity is running, and they can make it work. But what if most of the team is comprised of players who still do not have solid fundamental skills? If the team is generally low skilled, is it good coaching for me to attempt to teach them how to run two or more man to man offenses, and two or more zone offenses? Or would I best serve them by first teaching them how to play the game by principles from fundamentals?
You don’t have to know anything at all about basketball to appreciate that you can’t build anything substantial without a solid foundation. Doesn’t matter if it’s a house or a team, you can’t begin with weakness and finish with strength. By “fundamentals,” I refer to the basics- passing, shooting, dribbling, pivoting, layups, etc, etc. By “principles,” I’m referring to teaching basic principles of offensive basketball- pass & cut, pass & screen away, pick & roll, dribble drive & pitch, post up game, etc; the two, and three man games. I’m talking about the skills that actually make the plays work.
Basketball is a sport that requires many hours of practice to acquire a high level of skill.
In order to do anything challenging well, it’s reasonable and even common sense that it’s best to learn the basic fundamentals of the activity first, and build on that foundation. In School, we learn the alphabet and numbers first; these are the fundamentals of academics. Then after mastering the basics, we can become proficient in reading, writing and arithmetic. Would we trust a flight instructor who taught her students how to fly, but didn’t think it was important to first teach aerodynamics, aeronautics, weather, flight instrumentation, pre flight checks, etc? Why is it that parents, administrators, even other coaches, accept and even expect to see youth coaches (HS age & below) emphasizing teaching kids to memorize plays, over emphasizing teaching kids how to play the game?
A look at the European Club Model of player development is very telling, because USA Basketball used to destroy European Teams, but the Euros have caught up. The emphasis of youth basketball over-seas is on long term athletic development, not on trying to win the next game. There is no emphasis on winning until a player is 12. They don’t even keep score. USA Basketball once again captured the Olympic Gold Medal in Beijing, restoring the basketball universe as we have come to know it. But there’s no doubt that many countries around the world have dramatically closed the gap on USA Basketball’s dominance. USA Basketball players became complacent, developed bad habits, expecting to just show up and win, finally culminating in losing the 2004 Olympics and the 2006 World Games. Under Coach K, USA Basketball went back to playing the game the way it’s supposed to be played, and the result was Gold in ‘08.
Some may question, “Well then what should I have them do on offense if they aren’t going to run a play?” That’s a perfectly reasonable question, and it also brings me to another point: I believe that some coaches use teaching plays as a “crutch.” If the coach puts an offense in, and the team plays poorly on offense, he can pass the blame to the players by saying, “They didn’t run the offense right.” How many times have we heard a coach say that? People will nod and say things like, “Hey, he’s trying to put in an offense, and get them to run real plays!” “What more do you want?” Well, how about teaching them how to play the game first?
Maybe these kinds of coaches don’t know how to teach fundamental skills. Or maybe they think they don’t have the time because the season begins in two weeks. Maybe they haven’t done their home work, and they don’t understand the vital importance of first acquiring strong individual skills as the first step on the path to team success. The question I asked above still remains, “What should I have them do on offense if they aren’t going to run a play?” The Team USA example holds my answer to that question.
Team USA won Gold because they focused on playing the game fundamentally better both offensively and defensively. Not because they ran their set plays better. In fact, they didn’t have a set offense, other than some situational quick hitters. They played by principle, using set formations like four out & one in, and five out depending on the personnel who was on the court . They rotated on the perimeter on cuts and dribble penetration to fill the perimeter spots. They played basic basketball- wing passes to the post and then laker cuts through, perimeter players rotate to fill spots. Top pass to the wing, then UCLA cuts and perimeter rotates to fill spots. Always back cut to the basket if over played. Make sure to fill the spot on the floor the dribble drive just vacated. Make sure to fill the opposite corner on baseline drives. Posts cut up the lane line with hands ready to catch on dribble drives below them toward the baseline. Posts cut to short corner ready to step back in on dribble drives above them toward the mid post or elbows. They didn’t run plays, they just played basketball, taking what the defense gave them, and exploiting any weakness they could find.
The question is, am I doing a better job developing student/athletes for varsity by teaching them the varsity offense whether or not they have the skills to make it work, or by teaching them the skills they are deficient in? Is it good coaching for me to try to teach kids who don’t really know how to screen, or to come off screens, to memorize the pattern of the Flex offense? Or would a good coach who is focused on long term development teach them screening and cutting? Would a good coach attempt to put in a passing game, or another continuity motion offense with players who still don’t pivot strongly, are still telegraphing their passes, and still can’t consistently make layups? Or would a good coach work on up-grading their basketball foundation so that set plays have a chance to work?
Unless I see it with my own eyes, I refuse to believe that kids with beginner skills could run a set play offense that generated enough points to not just consistently win, but to beat the best teams too. Not when I know that almost every one of them didn’t play or practice in the off season, didn’t go to basketball camp, didn’t play AAU ball or CYO ball, had no youth league, and little or no access to regular open gym. I don’t care how strongly he believes what he saw, or how vehemently he insists that’s what happened, there’s just no way. Competitive basketball is much too difficult to play it effectively without a foundation of fundamental skills. The idea of it is insulting to the integrity as well as the difficulty of the game in my opinion.